Page 2 :
Immigration : hope or reality

Page 3 :
International

Page 4 :
Health : what will the future of Obamacare be ?

Page 5 :
Women's rights : "My body, my or your choice ?"

Page 6 :
Communication :The Role of Social Media in Shaping the 2024 Election.

Page 7 :
Breaking news

Page 8 :
Economy

Page 9 :
Education/ guns

Page 10 :
Environment

Page 11 :
Culture/Film :Cheyenne, student from Moreno Valley, California.

Page 12 :
And now...

Since the beginning of the school year, the eyes of the world and especially of French people and pupils have been riveted to the U.S.A. Indeed, when Kamala Harris decided to run for president, the American presidential "race" became of major interest.

Our students from Première A.M.C. decided to remain as neutral as possible even if it was pretty difficult for many reasons. This newspaper wants to be a testimony of the way we felt during these last months. We will also try to be as informative as possible.

The American election campaign between the Democrats and the Republicans left a battlefield where the social media played a major role.

Regarding to the new president Donald Trump policies of protectionism, it could represent an opportunity for Europeans to be more independent. Huge impact is expected on the country and also on the world.

The next editions should be much different topics : in February and in April, the newspapers will also be in English. The last edition, in May, will be in French.

We hope you will enjoy reading this first edition of the G-News and that you will follow us on "journaldeslycees.fr" or on Netocentre.

Noemi Du-Cottier,
Christine Fontaine

When running for president in 2020, Biden promised to close private immigration detention centers, limit deportations and fight for a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants in the United States.

Harris now says she wants to sign into law the tough border compromise that Congress was unable to pass in 2024 after Donald trump objected to it.

Trump stated in September 2023 that if reelected, he intends to implement the largest mass deportation of undocumented imigrants in American history, referencing a 1950s operation to deport undocumented immigrants under President Einsenhower known as "Operation Wetback"

"They're eating the dogs"

During the presidential debate in Philadelphia, Donald Trump insisted on the dangers of a massive immigration and gave elements to illustrate his slogan "Make America Great Again". "Our country is being lost. We're a failing nation". We must not forget that during his first term, he had a wall built along the Mexican border. Trump's second-term immigration agenda- if re-elected-may be built upon his first term's foundation but may also seek to intensify those efforts by expanding deportation operations.

There is now a need to decide, and since Donald Trump will pledge allegiance on January 20th, we can only assume what that decision will be.

Hidaya Zaimi

Immigration remains a central issue in the U.S marked by declining border crossings and hearted political debates.Unauthorized entries at the US-Mexico border have dropped by over 50 % this year due to stricter asylum policies and enforcement agreements with Mexico. Everybody has in mind Trump's wall.

During the 2024 campaign, candidates have expressed different ideas. Donald Trump wants more deportations and tougher asylum rules, while Kamala Harris supports easier legal immigrations and protections for DACA recipients.

Immigrants help the economy by filling important jobs and increasing productivity. However, stricter rules could reduce workers and slow economic growth.

People remain divided on the issue, with many asking for reforms to balance border security and support for immigrants.

To expand on the important reasons people seek refuge in the United States, here is a testimony from Maria Lopez, 37 years old, left her home in Chiapas in Mexico, with her 2 children : " I didn't want to leave my family, but we had no choice. There are no work in my village, and my children were hungry. My dream is for them, they need to go to school to have opportunities."

For Maria, and many other immigrants, the elections may design a brand new future...but which one ?

Trump and Harris's ideas on immigration

When running for president in 2020, Harris promised to close private immigration detention centers, limit deportations and fight for a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants in the United States. She now says she wants to sign into law the tough border compromise that Congress was unable to pass in 2024 after Donald Trump objected to it.

Trump stated in September 2023 that if reelected, he intended to implement the largest mass deportation of undocumented immigrants in American history, referencing a 1950s operation to deport undocumented immigrants under President Eisenhower known as "Operation Wetback".

Sofia Boukerouis

The American presidential elections will have an important impact on France.

Donald Trump, the Repuplican candidate announced he would like to increase taxes on imported products from France to the USA, including aeronautics, medical products, food or clothes which would have terrrible consequences.

The Democratic candidate, Kamala Harris, would extend the "Inflation Reduction Act", a subsidy plan of $400 billion started by Joe Biden whose primary goal was to reduce greenhouse gas emission by 50 to 52 % by 2030 compared to 2005. But it had also another economic goal. The plan provides tax credits for investments and production in electric vehicles, biofuels, green hydrogen, solar.The problem for France here is that this plan would attract French companies which would choose to settle in the US.

Today, as we know that Donald Trump has won the elections, we can predict that the I.R.A. will probably not continue. Therefore, as far as the environmental policy is concerned, his re-election will probably lead to a weakening of American commitments concerning climate action as he did during his first term.

On December 7^th, French president E. Macron received D.Trump and V. Zelensky for the reopening of Notre-Dame de Paris but before that they discussed together about important topics such as the wars in Ukraine and Palestine.

We have already seen, during their first terms that they had a good relationship :they regularly met and worked together many times.We'll see if this diplomatic friendship can last.

Jason Cha

Kamala Harris : supporting Ukraine without any military resources

Vice President, Harris strongly supports Ukraine and condemns Russian aggression. She has described the invasion as an attack on democratic values and has actively backed military and economic aid to Ukraine. Under Biden's administration, she has worked to sustain an international coalition supporting Ukraine while condemning Russian war crimes. Harris emphasizes that any resolution to the conflict must respect Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity, rejecting any territorial concessions for peace. She also advocates maintaining strict sanctions against Russia to curb its future influence in Europe and beyond.

Donald Trump : end of war but no American financing

In contrast, Donald Trump criticizes prolonged U.S. involvement in Ukraine. He advocates for rapid negotiations, claiming he could leverage his relationships with Vladimir Putin and Volodymyr Zelensky to end the war. However, his proposals are vague and sometimes perceived as aligned with Russian interests. For instance, members of his team have suggested territorial concessions by Ukraine or a neutral status to avoid further escalation. Trump has also called U.S. management of the war costly and disadvantageous for Americans. While he emphasizes his willingness to negotiate, his past ties with Putin and lack of interest in Ukraine have stirred controversy.

The recent meeting between Donald Trump and Volodymyr Zelensky in Paris highlights the complexity of international relation concerning the Russia-Ukraine conflict. During the discussion, Trump expressed his desire for European nations to take a more active role in supervising a ceasefire in Ukraine, suggesting the deployment of European troops to support and defend the country.

Louis Ramerie,
Yanis Gentilhomme

Trump's goals are to promote access to healthcare via market competition and transparency, he wants to enhance the flexibility and the choice in healthcare to state and individuals. Trump wants to focus on degradation by reversing on modifying Biden-era policies and enhance national security with "America first" principles. Trump's first goal is to prioritize policies that adress healthcare access and costs.

A controversy over Obamacare

As a first step, Trump wants to unravel Obamacare using a fast-track procedure allowing changes to all aspects of the reform that have an effect on the budget. Therefore, he could eliminate penalities that currently apply to uninsured individuals and employers who fail to provide coverage for their employees and eliminate aid to expand the Medicaid program. The next year, Trump will take a decision wether to back and extension of enhanced premium subsidies for Obamacare. Finally, the Republican plan would prohibit patient from benefiting from Obamacare when they visit certain clinics, such as Planned Parenthood. Such a measure would deprive millions of women of free access to contraception. Trump assured to put the finishing touches on his health reform, promising simply great insurance, simplified in form, cheaper and much better.

Reducing drug prices

Trump wants to reduce drug’s price but would not use law to ban mail delivery of the drugs . He said during his speech at the White House next to Alex Azar, the US secretary Health and Human services : « We're going to increase competition and reduce regulatory barriers so that drugs can reach the market faster and more cheaply.  ». Trump is blaming foreign countries for being responsible of high drug prices. « When foreign governments extract unreasonably low prices from U.S. drug companies, Americans have to pay more to subsidize the enormous costs of research and development, » said Trump and then added « It's ridiculous and it won't last. ».

Is Kennedy the next health minister ?

Trump described Kennedy as a brilliant and intelligent man, emphasizing the respect he has for him, consequently Trump desires to give Kennedy a big role in his administration (Leadership of health agencies). Donald Trump has defended his choice of Robert Kennedy Jr as the next Secretary of Health, despite controversies surrounding the former environmental lawyer's anti-vaccine stance. Trump said : « I think he's going to be a lot less radical than you might think. I think he's open-minded, or I wouldn't have put him there. » from his Mar-a-Lago residence in Florida.

Is Medicaid riscky for disabled people ?

Trump is considering to fund cuts for Medicaid, jeopardizing coverage for more than 3 million Americans. Significant cuts to Medicaid could be on the table next Congress as President-elect Trump which will reduce coverage to lower-income and disabled people. According to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), more than 88 million people, including almost 40 million children, were enrolled in Medicaid as of September 2023. Medicaid cuts would require an act of Congress, Trump would be well positioned to reduce Medicaid but most Republicans in Congress weren’t ready to embrace the idea.

What future for abortion ?

In 2024, Trump declared that he would not sign a federal law on abortion, arguing that the issue should be left to the states. Experts pointed to ways a new Trump administration could restrict abortion nationwide without explicitly banning it. But his position on the issue has varied widely in a March interview, he signaled support for a nationwide ban on abortions after 15 weeks’ gestation, and as president, he supported that would have banned abortion nationwide after 20 weeks. 13 states have already banned abortion ( with a few exceptions) and 28 states restrict the procedure based on gestational duration. Trump could move to restrict access to abortion medication (used in more than half of abortion).

Alizé Rodrigues,
Eliott Damas

Roe v. Wade, an important ruling

From 1973 to 2022, Supreme Court rulings in Roe v. Wade (1973) created, and maintained, federal protections for a pregnant woman's right to get an abortion, ensuring that states could not ban abortion prior to the point at which a fetus may be deemed viable. However, Roe was overturned by Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022), and states may now impose any regulation on abortion, provided it satisfies rational basis review and does not otherwise conflict with federal law.

Both candidates for the elections have different opinions on it.

For Donald Trump, abortion must be forbidden

Donald Trump is favorable to new restrictions for the abortion, he thinks abortion can’t be legal. For him, it’s like a murder or a crime. He even attacked Kamala Harris by accusing her to want the “execution of baby” during the debate in November.Donald Trump also said that he was “proud to be the most pro-life president of American history”. He’s conservative and pro-life like the majority of the Republicans.

Kamala Harris, a candidate who fights for abortion

On the contrary, Kamala Harris is pro-choice.She thinks that women should have the right to choose and if she’s elected, abortion will be one of her priorities because she thinks that’s a primordial theme for women and young people. She crossed all the country to defend this right and met people engaged to this question. She insisted on women’s rights during her campaign and meetings. Kamala Harris thinks that’s their body so their choice and that’s very important especially for the victims of incests or rape.

Kamala Harris and Donald Trump have really different mindsets of this issue. Will it be "my body, my choice" or "my body, your choice" ? It all depends of politicians and the next president.

Now, everybody knows that Trump has been elected, and so it's confirmed that he's going to supress the Roe versus Wade law in all the states. He notably wants to ban the access to the abortion's medicines.

Alice Ivanes
Inès Tourne

Roe v. Wade

In USA, the law of abortion is Roe versus Wade which is an American Supreme Court’s decision taken on January 22^nd, 1973. It legalized abortion saying the right of abortion was implicit in the right of private life protected by the 14^th Amendment. This decision was canceled on June 24^th, 2022, ending the federal constitutional right to abortion and allowing the states to impose their own decisions. Today in over 20 states, abortion is illegal and even in some states like Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri and Idaho, health professionals can be sentenced to severe penalties such as imprisonment. Before Roe v. Wade, abortion was illegal in many states in USA since the end of the 19^th century.

Why "pro-life"

By choosing this for their movement, they associate the opposite view as "pro-death", which gives them moral high ground. It changed the debate on women’s rights and reproductive rights a lot. The restriction of the right to abortion imposed on women and couples on the pretext of protecting life has caused an increase in infant mortality and congenital malformations. Still, people can think that even for health, it's better to protect life and the baby mustn't be "killed". Religion also plays a part, because some people interpret the text in a way that indicates that their religion isagainst abortion.

"Pro-choice"

Many protests were organized to defend the right to abort, and one of the major slogans was "My body, my choice !". It's a huge dilemma for all Americans, especially pregnant women who don't want to be mothers, or those whose lives are put at risk with pregnancy

Alice I.
Inès T

Over the years, social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and more recently TikTok, have radically changed the way political messages are disseminated. In the 2008 campaign, Barack Obama was one of the first to use social media to mobilize voters, particularly through targeted ads and youth engagement. This innovative use of social media contributed to his victory and paved the way for future campaigns.

Social media, powerful weapons

In the 2016 election, social media played a crucial role, particularly in Donald Trump’s victory. Trump used Twitter to reach his supporters directly, bypassing traditional media and delivering messages instantly. His tweets, often controversial, became a powerful communication tool, reinforcing his image as an outsider candidate unbound by traditional political norms

Political campaigns use targeted ads on social media platforms based on factors such as age, gender, location, interests, and browsing history to reach voters with precision. Indeed, they can be directed. The ability to target voters at the right moment with the right message has raised concerns about the spread of misinformation, the manipulation of public opinion, and the lack of transparency. Moreover, these ads are designed to play on emotional triggers, exploit existing divisions, or even target misinformation to sway undecided voters.

Traditional media are still present

Still, traditional media are essential players in U.S. electoral campaigns, acting as informers, analysts, mediators, and mobilizers for voters. However, their influence can be nuanced by biases and the rise of digital media, which adds a new dimension to how campaigns are conducted. Traditional media (television, radio, print) are the primary channels to spread information about candidates, their platforms, debates, and campaign events. They allow voters to remain informed about candidates' positions, key campaign developments, and political and social issues.

Finn Beuth, Arthur Boileau.

One of the most direct ways communication changes voter opinion is through how candidates frame the issues. Political campaigns strategically choose how to present topics to the electorate, often by highlighting certain aspects of an issue while downplaying others. For example, a candidate may frame healthcare as a fundamental right to gain support from liberal voters, or as a system in crisis to rally those concerned about government spending. These frames help shape voters’ understanding of policies, influencing their stance on issues.

The 2016 and 2020 U.S. presidential elections highlighted the importance of framing. Both Donald Trump and Joe Biden used distinct messaging to frame issues like immigration, the economy, and national security to appeal to different voter bases. Effective framing can solidify support or change opinions by focusing on issues that resonate with specific demographics.

Slogans, speeches, and simplified messages are essential tools for mobilizing the masses because they help to effectively communicate ideas, inspire action, and unite people toward a common cause. Speeches are a direct form of communication from leaders to their followers. A well-delivered speech can inspire confidence, articulate the vision of a movement, and provide clarity on the goals and tactics.

Arthur Boileau

The 45th President is facing several court cases that raised debates about their impact on the electoral process. He faces investigations into allegations of election meddling, financial malfeasance and the handling of classified documents. His supporters claim that these lawsuits are politically motivated to undermine his candidacy, while his opponents argue that they highlight the principle that no one is above the law. However, despite these legal issues, Trump maintains a strong presence on the campaign trail and uses his legal battles as a rallying cry against a corrupt establishment. This strategy strengthens his position in the Republican primaries. The consequences of these trials are significant, as they test democratic institutions and the rule of law against unprecedented political and legal challenges. Inès B.P. , Olivia J.

Environmental activist and political figure Robert F. Kennedy Jr. was unintentionally filmed in the shower by his wife, Cheryl Hines, during an Instagram video promoting his beauty line. In the video, Hines playfully scolds Kennedy for showering while she's making a video and continues with her promotion. Some found the incident endearing and showcased the couple's playful dynamic, while others criticized it as inappropriate, considering Kennedy's public and political stature. The incident sparked a mixed reaction online, with supporters praising the couple's likability but critics questioning the timing. This moment highlights the challenge faced by political figures and their families in balancing personal and public life in the digital age.

Inès B.P. , Olivia J.

Joe Biden is preparing to give a farewell speech before D. Trump's inauguration on 20 January. He will look back on his achievements, such as the economic recovery and investment in clean energy. He will also address foreign policy issues, such as the withdrawal from Afghanistan. J. Biden will acknowledge the challenges facing the country, but will emphasise the progress that has been made such as border security and economic struggles.

This speech will be an opportunity for Biden to say goodbye and encourage Americans to remain hopeful and united.

Inès B.P. , Olivia J.

Donald Trump’s new government reflects his commitment to reshaping US leadership with a focus on efficiency, economic growth, national security. Tech entrepreneur Elon Musk and Vivek Ramaswamy have been chosen to lead the newly established Department of Government Efficiency. Meanwhile, Pete Hegseth, a Fox News personality, has been appointed Secretary of Defense, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has been appointed Secretary of Health and Human Services. On immigration, former police officer Tom Homan named to head border enforcement on deportation. On economic policy, imposing higher tariffs. On education, transferring control of education to the states. The full impact of these decisions will unfold as the new government takes shape.

Inès B.P. , Olivia J.

A Legacy of Service and Dedication.

Jimmy Carter, the 39^th President of the United States, passed away at the age of 99 on December 29, 2024. Throughout his life, Carter's legacy was shaped by his work in politics and humanitarian efforts. He began his political career in the Georgia State Senate in 1963, and as Governor of Georgia from 1971 to 1975, he implemented progressive policies and gained a reputation as a reformer. Running for president in 1976, Carter aimed to restore integrity to the White House following the Watergate scandal. He won the election and focused on human rights, environmental protection, and moderate economics during his presidency. Carter's emphasis on diplomacy was highlighted by his successful negotiation of the Camp David Accords in 1978, a significant step towards peace in the Middle East. Despite his achievements, Carter also faced challenges, such as the Iran hostage crisis. Overall, Carter's life and work exemplified a commitment to service and dedication to making a positive impact.

Inès Bivona-Phan , Olivia Julio

At the AmericaFest conference in Phoenix, Arizona, President-elect Donald Trump pledged to end what he termed "transgender lunacy" . His administration would officially recognize only two genders—male and female— and prohibit gender-affirming care for minors, remove transgender individuals from military service, and restrict transgender-inclusive policies in educational institutions.These announcements align to limit LGBTQ+ rights, including a 2023 proposal to legally recognize only birth-assigned sexes and promises to repeal trans-inclusive education policies established by President J. Biden.

These proposed policies are expected to intensify debates over transgender rights and the extent of governmental authority in personal identity matters.

Inès B.P. , Olivia J.

New US President Donald Trump recently met with Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni at his Mar-a-Lago resort in Florida. The meeting was part of Trump’s ongoing discussions with global leaders. Trump praised Meloni, calling her a “fantastic woman” and discussing challenges faced by conservative leaders.

They also watched a documentary about legal issues conservative lawyers face. The visit took place amidst Italy’s diplomatic tensions with Iran over the detention of an Italian journalist.

Trump has been meeting with various international leaders as part of efforts to strengthen global relationships.

Inès B.P. , Olivia J.

The middle class is the backbone of the U.S. economy, but it faces growing challenges like rising costs and stagnant wages. Donald Trump and Kamala Harris have outlined different visions to address these issues.

Trump focuses on tax cuts and deregulation. His 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act aimed to increase household income and drive job creation by reducing taxes. While Trump argues these policies benefited workers and families, critics claim most of the gains went to corporations and the wealthy.

Hand-on or hands-off approach

Harris takes a different approach, emphasizing government investment. She proposes expanding affordable healthcare, reducing student debt, and creating jobs through infrastructure and clean energy projects. Harris believes these policies will provide long-term security for middle-class families.

The candidates also differ on wages and inflation. Trump supports a hands-off approach to keep inflation low, while Harris advocates raising the federal minimum wage to help workers.

Their contrasting plans reflect a fundamental debate over how to support the middle class : through free-market policies or direct government action.

Nadim Hammoudi

International commerce plays a very important role in the growth of the global economy and political alliances.The two candidates have their own perspectives to improve this system.

A multilateral approach

Kamala Harris, the representative of the Democratic Party, wants to strengthen global partnerships, ensure fair trade practices, and prioritize sustainability. Harris advocates for trade agreements that protect workers' rights, focuses on climate change and promotes equity among nations. She believes that the United States must show the example because of the importance of the country, fostering collaboration rather than imposing unilateral policies. In her view, commerce should be a tool to develop global stability and shared prosperity. Trade is not just about making money but also about creating a fair world for all.

"America First"

Donald Trump's approach to international trade reflects his "America First" philosophy and Republican ideologies. During his first presidency, he was focused on renegotiating commerce agreements to reduce deficits and protect American industries. He wants to impose tariffs on major trading partners, notably China to boost domestic manufacturing and reduce dependance on imports. His policies were rooted in economic nationalism, focusing on protecting American workers and industries, even at the cost of straining international relations. For him, trade is a international competition. He's prioritizing bilateral deals over multilateral agreements to secure US economy power. His slogan " Make America great again " is a perfect illustration.

In spite of their different ideas, both see international trade as a major way to develop America's future and its role in the world.

Maël Bleunven

The USA has the biggest GDP( Gross Domestic Product) which measures the total value of all goods and services produced in the country over a given period, of the developped countries and has had a big economic expand since the pandemic.

It's also the most dynamic country, with 2.8 % of economic growth. The principal objective of the candidates is to reduce the very important deficit which impacts the country. Both want to expand the budgetary policy and promote less taxes

But they also want to grow the expenses and make a reduction of the incomes, but there is already an enormous deficit in the country's economy.

While Donald Trump and Kamala Harris want to expend more, there are differences between the two candidates.

America First

On the one hand, Donald Trump prefers to invest in sectors like military and promote less taxes to get a "stronger USA" for his famous policy "America First". He wants to improve the image of the USA and strengthen America's power. Nevertheless, these expenses could grow the deficit of the country by 7.500 billions dollars. This economic policy's aims to enhance the USA's power in spite of big spendings.

Different priorities

On the other hand, his competitor Kamala Harris prefers to invest in early chilhood care or reduce the healthcare in order to get an access for treatment for every American citizen. But Harris's expenses could create a smaller deficit, twice less than Donald Trump, thanks to the creation of new incomes. For example, she would like to instore more taxes for the big societies, from 21 to 28 %.Even if the two candidates want to expend in different sectors and modify the goals, the electors will have to choose between a strong spendthrift America and an egalitarian country.

Maël Lagrasse

Guns have long been a defining aspect of American culture, symbolizing freedom and individual rights. However, this deeply ingrained relationship also comes with significant consequences. From constitutional debates to the devastating reality of mass shootings, the United States grapples with the challenges posed by its gun culture.The foundation of America’s gun culture lies in the Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. Ratified in 1791, it states : “A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.” For many Americans, this amendment represents an essential safeguard against tyranny and a guarantee of personal freedom.

The problem is that there are many mass shootings in USA. The US is the only developed country where mass shootings have happened every single year for the past 20 years.

A sad record for the USA

No other developed nation has mass shootings at the same scale or frequency as the US. Some mass shootings are in public and even in schools. Many tragic events such as the Columbine High School shooting in 1999 , the Sandy Hook Elementary massacre (2012), and the Parkland school shooting (2018) have left lasting scars on communities. These incidents not only claim lives but also spark national debates about gun control. Survivors and victims’ families often lead calls for change, yet legislative action remains limited. This tragic reality underscores the challenges of balancing constitutional rights with public safety.Beyond mass shootings, firearms contribute to a range of societal issues. Gun violence disproportionately affects urban communities, with homicides and illegal gun trafficking posing significant challenges. Accidental shootings add another layer of tragedy. Furthermore, firearms are often used in domestic violence cases, turning homes into dangerous places for the victims. Despite Joe Biden's renewed calls for gun reforms, the bills are stuck in the Senate.

A pivotal role of the NRA

The National Rifle Association (NRA) plays a significant role in shaping America’s gun policies. Founded in 1871, it evolved from a safety and training organization to one of the most powerful lobbying groups in the country. The NRA strongly opposes most gun control measures, framing gun ownership as a fundamental right and a key aspect of American freedom.The organization is closely tied to conservative politics and has been a strong supporter of Republican candidates. Its endorsements often carry substantial weight in elections, particularly in states with strong gun cultures. By framing gun ownership as a matter of personal liberty and constitutional rights, the NRA has succeeded in shaping public opinion and resisting many attempts at gun control legislation. This political influence makes it a key player in the ongoing national debate over firearms.

Dimitri Corven , Alexis Lozach.

In the USA, the choice to establish their school systems is at the liberty of each individual state department.

The decisions on the functioning of schools thus the funding are made by school boards. Furthermore, the Department of Education at the federal level, is responsible for most of the funding ditributed to the states. At last, the USA are one of the countries with the highest investment rate in the education.(28 % of the total global budget of education in 2020).

The two candidates' visions

On these measures, the two candidates running for the 2024 presidential election do not agree.

On the one hand, Donald Trump has a vision very conservative, he is against changes. In his projects when he will be president on January 2025, there is the reduction of funding of schools and especially “for schools that promote the breed theory, the transgender madness and other sexual or political behavior inappropriate for our kids”. Also, he describes American schools as “a political battlefield to reconquer against the left”.That is the reason why Trump wants rolling back the federal government’s role in school and closes it in order to giving states and parents more of say in what children learn which the goal of rooting out any (left wings indoctrination).

On the other hand, Kamala Harris proclaims a vision more open-minded and tolerant of school in order to make people have the same opportunities to succeed. Indeed, she wants to reduce the student debts and augments the federal helps for students in financial difficulties. Else, she said that “education of quality and affordable is the way towards the middle class". Finally, she promises to strengthen the public education.To sum up, the education in the USA reflects both visions for the nation’s future. One is conservative where as the other is progressive. Now that we know that Donald Trump is elected, we’ll see what the consequences will be.

Léa Desmettre,
Lola Soares Moreira

This year, the United States has been impacted by two hurricanes : hurricane Helene and hurricane Milton. Those natural disasters mainly struck Florida, California, Tennessee, Virginia and Alabama. So the government took actions to help the victims, they sent many soldiers and helicopters to rescue the people affected.

The FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) also participated by providing care to the victims, for example they did deliver supplies, provided a place to stay temporarily, a free service to do some repairs or clean off the fallen trees and gave $750 for urgent needs. Sadly, 35 people didn't make it out alive and the damages caused cost the United States $85 billions.

How did Trump and Harris react to the events

During the course of the events, Donald Trump gave multiple speeches to show the people that he cared and supported the states that got affected by the hurricanes.

Buthe also spread lies about the actions taken to help the victims. For example, he said that Joe Biden's administration and FEMA didn't have any funds left to pay the damage and help the citizens because they diverted disaster response fundings to benefit the foreign aid.

After the lies spread, FEMA responded to the allegations saying that their services were free and debunked all the rumors. He also accused Joe Biden of ignoring the calls from Georgia, of course the president responded to those accusations as being fake and said to the former president« Mr. President Trump — former President Trump — get a life, man. Help these people. » So President Joe Biden, FEMA and Kamala Harris quickly responded to the allegations to make sure the victims weresafe.

Meanwhile, Kamala Harris showed she could manage the social media and expressed sympathy to the citizens to have a good reputation for the election because any failure could backlash on her reputation which could make her lose the election. During the storm, she encouraged the residents of Florida and other cities impacted by the hurricanes to listen to the safety instructions given by the government and other companies participating in the rescue of the victims. She also went on ABC News to debunk the rumors spread by her political opponent and to remind everyone, especially the victims of the natural disaster, that they had rights and that they shouldn't be scared to seek help.

The result of their actions

The two hurricanes had a lot of impact whether it's because of the damage caused or the high repair costs. The way both of the candidates acted had some influence on the elections and had the chance to show the best side of themselves and their determination. But even if many Americans criticized Trump for spreading rumors, he was the one who won the elections.

Éléna F., Noëlla F.
Sarah P.

The Republicans

The idea of Donald Trump about ecology is very clear : he doesn’t believe in it. In his first term, he's erasing every effort made by Americans to reduce climate change by boosting fossil fuel production. He also wants to open up new areas for oil and gas drilling, saying « drill, baby, drill. » Narrowing protections for endangered plants and animals, he's going to restrict auto emissions, and he's against electric vehicles, solar panels, and other low-emissions technologies. Donald Trump promises to leave the Paris Agreement, which aims to limit global warming to below 2°C compared to the pre-industrial era, and to strengthen fossil fuel production. He calls climate change a « hoax » and has no intention of slowing down oil production, of which his country is the world's largest producer : it alone has been responsible for 20 % of global emissions since 1850.

Democrats

Over the course of her career, Kamala Harris has implemented a variety of climate policies. She created one of the nation’s first specialized environmental protection units to prosecute those responsible for pollution. Then, she made fighting pollution one of her priorities. If she is elected, Kamala Harris would focus on protecting the “gains” of Joe Biden’s legacy, including his massive $20 billion investment plan in innovation and renewable energy, through the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). Combined with new regulations from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), this law should reduce the country’s emissions by 50 % by 2050, according to estimates from the US Department of Energy. However, in her campaign for the presidency, she reduced her ecological ambitions and backtracked on certain measures.

The Green Party

This party is very minor compared to the Democrats and Republicans, which are the two largest parties. The Green Party proposed several solutions related to ecology, particularly in relation to climate change : energy, transport, zero waste, agriculture, ocean protection, etc. Here are some of their proposals : adopt an emergency Green New Deal to create a greener economy, transition to 100 % renewable energy by 2030, implement organic and regenerative agriculture rather than pesticide-injected monocultures, plant trees, introduce a carbon tax, and electrify the transport system. Finally, for economic justice, we are talking about an ecological economy, a limitation of the power of companies, local economic development, a reform of banks and insurance companies, as well as a reform of pensions.

Éléna Fernandes, Sarah Payen, Noëlla Favris

source : Actu environnement, Le Nouvel Obs, 6/11/ 2024.

This article analyzes The Ides of March, a film that reveals the manipulations and moral dilemmas at the heart of politics.

Released in 2011, The Ides of March, directed by George Clooney, explores the behind-the-scenes drama of a presidential campaign in Ohio. Stephen Meyers (Ryan Gosling), a talented communications director, works for Governor Morris (George Clooney), an idealistic yet complex candidate. As the campaign unfolds, Stephen finds himself caught in a web of manipulations and betrayals, challenging his ideals.

Disenchanted Politics 

The film depicts a political world where ideals give way to a power game driven by strategic calculations, blurring the line between right and wrong.

Inevitable Compromises 

Through Governor Morris, The Ides of March questions the limits of integrity in politics, where success often requires compromising one’s values.

A Reflection of Our Times 

With themes of scandals and media pressure, the film criticizes a system perceived as corrupt while inviting viewers to question the reality of power.

Jules Maillard

Adam McKay's "Vice" explores the rise of Dick Cheney, blending satire and drama to criticize the unchecked power of modern politics.

Released in 2018, "Vice" follows Dick Cheney’s journey from a Wyoming bureaucrat to one of the most powerful U.S. vice presidents. Christian Bale delivers a stunning performance, showing Cheney as a cold strategist who reshaped the role of vice-president, influencing events like the Iraq War.

The film offers more than a biography. It’s a sharp criticism of political systems, exposing how ambition and corporate influence undermine democratic values. Cheney’s career is depicted as a masterclass in exploiting power, with decisions often favoring oil companies and defense contractors over public interest.

McKay’s bold storytelling—dark humor, fourth-wall breaks, and a playful narrative—keeps the film engaging while driving home its serious message.Supported by outstanding performances from Amy Adams and Sam Rockwell, "Vice" is both entertaining and unsettling.

Ultimately, "Vice" warns against the concentration of unchecked power, reminding viewers of the fragility of democracy and the need for accountability in leadership.

Vincent Perron

Hello Cheyenne, can you introduce yourself ?

My name is Cheyenne Predium. I'm 23 years old and working for the TAPIF program which is teaching English in France. So I'm from Southern California, from a city called Moreno Valley.

According to you, Kamala Harris should have won the presidential election and can you tell us more about which values does she defend ?

Yes so I am from a blue state and from my perspective, my state thought that Kamala Harris was pulling forward in the election. So the values that she defends is the rights to abortion, to tax the rich, she also defends equal rights for members of the LGBTQ community and members from different ethnicities. It was a shock for my state when she did not win because we thought that she might be able to persuade the swing states, however Donald Trump won all of them.

Thank you Cheyenne, and why do you think she lost the election ?

So I think that the main reason why Kamala Harris lost is because she started her campaign later in the presidential election run. At first, Joe Biden was the Democratic candidate however he had to drop out of the race and according to a lot of Americans, that showed weakness on the democratic party to have to replace their first candidate with Kamala Harris. So many Americans did not get the chance to know her. Many Americans also viewed her vice-presidency as not that effective, so therefore that allowed cracks for Donald Trump to win over the people who were undecided.

Do you think that the fact that Kamala Harris is a woman can stop her for the elections ?

I do think that it is still very decisive among the American people to have a Female president. However, I do think it will be possible in the future. We have already seen events from the past, where in 2016, Hillary Clinton won the popular vote against Donald Trump, and she was a woman. She had extensive experience in multiple branches of the government. However Donald Trump just garnered more electoral college votes. So I believe from that experience, it will be possible in the future for a woman to become president.

Can you tell us more about how's the life in the USA ?

So life in the USA compared to France is very different. For example in California you basicly have to have a car to get anywhere. However in France there is very reliable and accessible public transportation. The school system is predominately different, so in the United States we started our school day at 8 :00 Am and we end it at 3 :30 PM. There are many sports clubs and extracurricular activities after school. So I do think that school in France is more rigorous, and difficult than school in the United States.

Do you think that the French school system makes us more ready for the real world ?

From my experience as an American student, our classes are very short however our final exams are still very difficult. A lot of the time, students that have to study, in America, is reliant on them doing it themselves. However, in French classes I’d say that the teachers take the time to make sure they go over everything that is required on the test with their students. So I would say it's pretty equal, but I’d say that french student get more practice in school compared to American students.

Can you tell us about what job do you want to do in the future ?

I have a couple ideas. I thought about working at an American consulate in a foreign country or to become an archivist particularly with the museum or to become a professor and researcher for international relations and possibly doing some work with a couple of NGO organizations.

Tom Rondot

Goodbye Kamala !

Kamala Harris, the 49th Vice President of the United States, faced a significant defeat in the 2024 presidential election. Harris, who was the Democratic nominee, ran a campaign focused on social equity, climate action, and protecting reproductive rights. Despite her efforts to mobilize key voter blocs, including women, minorities, and young voters, the political landscape proved challenging.

Economic concerns, high inflation rates, and contentious debates on issues like border security and crime shaped the election narrative. Critics argued that the Biden administration's policies did not sufficiently address these concerns, and Harris struggled to overcome the perception that she represented a continuation of those policies.

Ultimately, Donald J. Trump, the Republican nominee, secured victory, signaling a shift in voter sentiment and a desire for change. Harris's defeat marks a critical moment for the Democratic Party as it reflects on its future direction and strategies to regain voter trust in upcoming elections.

Inès B.P.

What Trump could do on day one in the White House

Donald Trump, who will be sworn in as the 47th president of the United States on January 20th, has an ambitious agenda. He repeatedly said that on Day 1, he will "seal" the southern border, and lauch what he calls "the largest deportation program in American history", On reproductive rights, a central issue in this election, he announced he would veto a federal abortion ban but allow each individual state to restrict the procedure as it wishes.

Trump is also advocating for America to gain more global territory, including by force, if necessary.

Elon Musk, Mark Zuckerberg, and Jeff Bezos will all be attending President-elect Donald Trump’s inauguration.What do all of these tech leaders have in common ? They have all publicly come out with varying degrees of support for Trump’s incoming administration, and all three have donated money to his campaign or the inauguration. New measures have already been announced, in the name of the sacrosanct freedom of speech.

Is the quote from George Orwell's 1984 "Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength" a prediction ?

Christine Fontaine